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Transnational policy learning in Europe: Attempts to transfer innovation policy practices
Khaleel Malik
PREST, Institute of Innovation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Paul Cunningham
PREST - Institute of Innovation Research, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Abstract
Contemporary interest in trans-national policy learning is prompted by a perceived growth in policy transfers and attention is focused on measures employed by other countries which may be used to deal with problems similar to one's own.
With regards to 'innovation policy', however, this paper presents empirical findings that confirm there is little evidence of organised 'intelligence gathering' to survey innovation policies from other countries in Europe. Instead, information is usually collected on an ad hoc basis and in response to particular needs.
The paper highlights a number of attempts to transfer innovation policies and presents a range of factors that can potentially inhibit trans-national policy learning. A trend towards more 'open and transparent governance' is noted and it is argued that this requires policies and processes to be better understood in their systemic contexts, as well as the shifting institutional environment in which they operate.
Keywords
policy transfer, learning, innovation policy, trans-national
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